Most of the speed vs efficiency stuff is covered already, so I’ll add one practical thing that surprised me once I actually lived with a heater, how much heat you lose overnight compared to how fast you can add it.
In mild spring and fall weather, the heater choice matters less than whether you’re constantly reheating cold water. I had a gas heater at one place and a heat pump later, and the big difference wasn’t daytime heating, it was what happened after sunset. Without a cover, both systems were basically fighting evaporation all night. The gas heater just let me brute-force it the next day, while the heat pump made me plan ahead.
Another thing people don’t always factor in is water temp stability. Heat pumps really like steady conditions. If your water only drops a couple degrees overnight, they feel perfectly fine and don’t seem slow at all. If you let the pool fall 8–10 degrees between swims, that’s when they feel painfully sluggish. Gas doesn’t care, it’ll just burn its way back up.
For shoulder seasons like you described, I usually frame it like this: if you want the pool warm all week and you swim a few times, heat pump feels better day to day. If you mostly care about weekends or surprise swims after work, gas feels less frustrating even if it costs more. Either way, a cover at night does more for comfort than upgrading heater size. That’s the one lesson I wish I’d learned earlier.