I'm pretty new to owning a hot tub so take this for what it's worth, but I went through almost this exact same thing a few months ago when we had family over. My filter looked totally fine to me but the water just would not clear up. Ended up doing the chemical soak overnight like someone mentioned above and it made a huge difference, I could not believe what came off of it.
The other thing that helped me was getting my bromine baseline more consistent before a heavy use weekend instead of just reacting after the fact. I started using the aquadoc bromine tablets for hot tubs and it got way easier to keep a steady level without having to guess as much. Found them through mavaquadoc.com actually, which also had some decent info on adjusting for higher bather loads.
At this point I'd say do both, rinse and soak the cartridge and bump your bromine baseline up a bit going into the weekend rather than just shocking after. That combo seems to be what finally worked for me at least.