I go by the expiration date first, but once a bottle is opened I usually treat strips as most reliable for about 6–12 months, depending on storage. If the cap sits open a lot, they’ve been exposed to humidity (equipment room/bathroom), the pads look faded, or results suddenly get inconsistent, I replace them sooner, sometimes within a few months. For the numbers that really matter (sanitizer, pH), if strips start making me doubt them I’ll cross-check once with a drop test so I’m not chasing bad readings.